1. A man pushes against a car stuck in a snow bank while his date sits nervously behind the steering wheel trying not to make the tires spin. [Other distracting details are usually given, often including numeric information regarding force, weight and so on.] However, the car does not move. How much work did he do on the car?
Answer: The man did no work on the car since d=0. He may have burned calories, converting chemical energy into heat, but still, the car did not move.
2. Sally carries a text book under her arm along a horizontal path. [Distracting information is often also given such as the weight or mass of the text book, the distance or more perversely the path taken implying some distance must be calculated and so on.] How much work was done on the text book?
Answer: None, since both gravity and the force Sally exerted against gravity are perpendicular to the distance the book moved. (cosø = 0 so W = 0).
3. An asteroid traveling at constant velocity out of reach of gravitational fields [etc.]... How much work is done on the satellite?
Answer: None, since F = 0, W = 0.
Another type of question gives the wrong angle.
4. A 200.0 kg load on frictionless coasters is pushed 5 m along a ramp that makes an angle of 20º to the ground. How much work was done on the cart?
Answer: Drawing a diagram is a must for any problem involving 2 dimensions or 2 or more forces.
When you do this, the glitch becomes obvious: the angle is not between the force and the distance. The angle between the force and the distance is 70º.
The force applied against gravity is F = mg = (200.0 kg)(9.8 N/kg) = 1960 N
Therefore, W = Fdcosø = 1960(5)(cos70º) = 3352 J
5. A 70 kg cart is pushed for 50 m with a constant velocity upon a 45º frictionless incline. Find the work done on the cart.
6. A 100 kg object is pulled vertically upward 5.0 m by a rope with an acceleration of 1.0 m/s2. Find the work done by the tension force in the rope.
7. A 0.40 kg ball is thrown vertically upward with a speed of 30 m/s. The ball reaches a height of 40 m. What is the energy dissipated due to air friction?
8. If 4 kW of power is dissipated for 30 min, how much energy was involved?
9. A tug pulls on a barge with a constant force of 2.50*106 N, 19° west of north. Another tug pulls on the same barge with the same force but 19° east of north. . What is the total work they done on the barge it is pulled 0.74 km toward the north?
10. A conveyor belt moves for 2.0 m horizontally, then for 2.0 m down an incline angled 10° from the horizontal. A 2.0 kg box is moved by the belt at 0.50 m/s without slipping. At what rate is work being done on the box
a. as the box moves up the 10° incline
b. as the box moves horizontally
11. A 40 kg case is pushed across a floor at a steady speed of 1.5 m/s. When the pushing stops, the case slides a further distance of 1.2 m before coming to rest. Calculate:
a. The frictional force acting on the case when it slides.
b. The work done per second to push the case at a steady speed of 1.5 m/s.
12. A generator harnesses water flowing through a tube 12.5 feet in diameter. About 50% of the kinetic energy of the water is converted to electricity. How fast must the water flow to produce 52 MW of electrical power?
13. A 130 N suitcase is dragged a distance of 250m at a constant speed. A force of 60 N is exerted at an angle 40 degrees above the horizontal.
a. How much work is being done?
b. How much work is done by friction?
14. How many kilocalories of food energy does a person with a metabolic rate of 97.0 W burn per day?
15. A 1000 kg rocket generating 80 kW of power gains altitude at 3.0 m/s. What percentage of the engine power is being used to make the rocket climb?
16. How does a person burn calories by just breathing?
17. Calculate the work done by a force acting through a distance, d, if the force changes over the distance according to
F = kx4.
18. Can the normal force on an object ever do work?
19. If 6 million J of energy is consumed in a day, what is this rate of energy consumption in watts?
20. A force of 109 N is applied along along a lawnmower's handle, which is 14.7 degrees above the horizontal. If 61.9 W of power was developed for 39 s, what distance is the roller pushed?
21. Suggest a method to mesure the power in your legs. Outline the calculations involved.
22. A 1900 kg car experiences a combined force of air resistance and friction that has the same magnitude whether the car goes up or down a hill at 27 m/s. Going up a hill, the car's engine needs to produce 47 hp more power to sustain the constant velocity than it does going down the same hill. At what angle is the hill inclined above the horizontal?
23. Find the work done by pushing a mass of 700 kg through a distance of 4.5m along a surface if the coefficient of friction is 0.2. Assume the force is applied horizontally.
24. At a speed of 70 km/h, the average frictional force on a light car is 1050 N. What power must the motor generate to maintain this speed?
25. A winch is used to slide a 350 kg load at constant speed 3.50 m down a 27.0° incline. The rope between the winch and the load is parallel to the incline. The coefficient of kinetic friction between the ramp and the load is 0.40. Calculate the force exerted by the winch, the work done by the winch on the load, the work done by the friction force, the work done by the force of gravity, and the net work done on the load.
26. A 60 kg person developed 70 W of power during a race, dissipating about 0.60 J of mechanical energy per step per kilogram of body mass. If each stride was about 1.5 m, how fast was the person running?
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